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The Internationale - Communist World Anthem

31 PHOTOS

The Internationale - Communist World Anthem

In the memory of the Great October Socialist Revolution November 1917 – November 2017.

The epochal struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie was first defined by Marx and Engels. In their Communist Manifesto published in 1848 they gave analysis of the era of free competition capitalism. The Europe of 19th century raised a series of historic events: the workers’ uprisings in 1848, Marxs thoroughgoing critique of capitalism, the International Workingmen´s Association, the Paris Commune of 1871 as prototype of the proletarian dictatorship, the Second International and the rise of Marxism as the main trend in the European working class movement at the of the 19th century.

Lenin extended and developed the theory and practice of Marxism further: to the stage of Marxism-Leninism in the era of modern imperialism and proletarian revolution. He made significant contributions to Marxist philosophy, political economy and social science. He upheld, defended and advanced the revolutionary essence of Marxism.

Vladimir Lenin created the Communist Party of Russia – the party of a new type. He was in the head of Bolsheviks in the overthrow of Tsarism in Russia in February of 1917 and then in the overthrow of the bourgeois Kerensky government on October 25, 1917.
By 1917, most Russians had lost faith in the leadership ability of the czarist regime. Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backward and Czar Nicholas II had repeatedly dissolved the Dumas, the Russian parliamentary groups established to placate the masses after the Revolution of 1905, each time they opposed his will. But the immediate cause of the February Revolution—the first phase of the more sweeping Russian Revolution of 1917—was Russia’s disastrous involvement in World War I. Militarily, imperial Russia was no match for industrialized Germany. Russian troops were shockingly ill-equipped for fighting, and Russian casualties were greater than those sustained by any nation in any previous war. Meanwhile, the Russian economy was hopelessly disrupted by the costly war effort, and moderates joined Russian radical elements in calling for the overthrow of the czar.

On March 8, 1917, demonstrators clamoring for bread took to the streets of the Russian capital of Petrograd. Supported by 90,000 men and women on strike, the protesters clashed with police, refusing to leave the streets. On March 10, the strike spread among Petrograd’s workers, and irate mobs of workers destroyed police stations. Several factories elected deputies to the Petrograd Soviet (“council) of workers, following the model devised during the Revolution of 1905.

On March 11, the troops of the Petrograd army garrison were called out to quell the uprising. In some encounters, regiments opened fire, killing demonstrators, but the protesters kept to the streets, and the troops began to waver. That day, Nicholas again dissolved the Dumas. When the frustrated Russian army at Petrograd unexpectedly switched their support to the demonstrators, the imperial government was forced to resign and a provisional government was established. Three days later, Nicholas formally abdicated his throne, effectively ending nearly four centuries of czarist rule in Russia.

The October Revolution

October 10th: October Revolution begins. The Bolshevik Central Committee declares that “an armed uprising is inevitable”. The Petrograd Soviet creates Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC).

October 10th-23rd: Petrograd Soviet and Bolsheviks pass motions for the seizure of power and debate the means by which this should be achieved.

October 23rd: Bolsheviks lead an uprising in Tallinn, Estonia.

October 24th: Provisional Government troops attempt to close Bolshevik printing presses, prompting the MRC to act.

October 25th: Lenin announces that the Bolsheviks have seized power and calls for preparations for a Soviet government. Menshevik and moderate SR delegates walk out of the Congress of Soviets.

October 26th: The MRC arrests Provisional Government members in the Winter Palace, except for Kerensky, who has fled.

October 26th: Eighteen hours after seizing power, Lenin issues the Decree on Land, calling for the abolition of private ownership, and the Decree on Peace, urging an immediate ceasefire and treaty.

November 3rd: Bolshevik Red Guards win control of Moscow after a week of bitter fighting.

November 10th: The new government abolishes all tsarist ranks, titles and privileges.

November 12th: Elections for the Constituent Assembly commence. These elections take a week to complete and produce a voter turnout of 44 million people.

November 19th: A Bolshevik delegation begins peace negotiations with German officers at Brest-Litovsk.

December: The Bolsheviks introduce reforms to private property ownership, marriage and divorce laws, and the legal status of women.

December 2nd: The new government forms the Vesenkha, the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy.

December 7th: Lenin decrees the formation of the CHEKA, a small agency led by Dzerzhinsky and tasked with combating counter-revolutionary activity. It begins with 26 agents.

December 9th: Members of the Left SRs are admitted to Sovnarkom, the executive government body of the new government.

Lenin was founder of the first long living socialist state on one-sixth of the surface of the earth. The most crucial element in socialism is the class dictatorship of the proletariat defeating that of the bourgeoisie and nationalizing the land and strategic industries, despite the vestiges of feudalism and medievalism, the exigencies of civil war and resistance to foreign intervention and transitory measures like “war communism” and the New Economic Policy.

Even while he was preoccupied with the immediate tasks of consolidating the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Lenin paid attention to the prospective stage of socialist construction and the promotion of the world proletarian revolution through the Third International or the Comintern against the rule of the monopoly bourgeoisie. After the death of Lenin in 1924, Stalin followed up the New Economic Policy with full scale socialist industrialization and the collectivization and mechanization of agriculture and expanded the work of the Third International, especially to the colonies and semi-colonies where the bourgeois democratic and socialist stages of revolution are well defined.

As a pioneering socialist country, the Soviet Union demonstrated how in so short a time through a series of five-year economic and related plans, the proletariat, peasants and other working people could lift themselves up politically, economically, socially and culturally.